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Illustrated checklist for the species of Amanitaceae of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

ATBI Fungal TWIG

[ Introduction  ]  [ Interpreting this checklist ]
[ Amanita section Amanita ]  [ Amanita section Caesareae ]
[ Amanita section Vaginatae ]  [ Amanita section Amidella ]
[ Amanita section Lepidella ]  [ Amanita section Phalloideae ]
[Amanita section Validae ]  [ Limacella ]  [ Literature Cited ]



R. E. Tulloss
P.O. Box 57, Roosevelt, NJ 08555-0057


Cataloochee morning, October, 1999, photo by R. E. Tulloss The background image for this page is titled "Ed Lickey Gets the Whole Thing,"  It stars Ed & Amanita daucipes.  The photos utilzed were taken by Dr. D. J. Lodge.  Manipulation with Photoshop by RET.

This page provides a view of Amanita and Limacella species and their distribution in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) based on monographic literature and from unpublished data of R. E. Tulloss.  If this document is browsed while on-line, the entries marked "[ page ]" in the text will provide access to brief descriptions of the relevant taxa and, in some cases, access to the fullest available taxonomic descriptions.

For the purposes of this study, we have confirmed 67 taxa in Amanita and 1 in Limacella known to occur in GSMNP based on monographic literature, Hesler's Notebooks and photographs, the University of Tennesee herbarium (TENN) collections, and Tulloss' unpublished data including data from the 1999-2006 collecting years of the GSMNP fungal All-Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) project.  The names of confirmed taxa listed for the Park prior to the Fungal TWIG work in the ATBI appear in the list in black bold italic type.

Names new to the Park since the beginning of the Fungal TWIG work in the ATBI, appear in red bold italic type.  At present, 37 names on the list are in this category.  These names are included in the count of confirmed taxa.

Names that are based on probably correct field IDs appear in green bold italic type.  At present 3 names on the list are in this latter category; these are not included in the count of "confirmed" taxa.

Of the taxa that have been confirmed for the Park, it is worth noticing that 27 (over forty percent of the confirmed taxa) have not been described or are known under a misapplied or provisional name and will require validation or description as new.  Such taxa are marked in this document with a bold face, white asterisk on a green background (*).  In addition, two of the green bold italic taxa bear the white asterisk.

At least 121 taxa of the Amanitaceae are known to be present or are possibly or probably present (including taxa known  from surrounding areas in, or close to, the Appalachian Mountains in Kentucky, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia); and surely there is more than one taxon belonging to Limacella in the park.  Based on my 35+ years of collecting in the northeastern U.S., several trips to eastern Texas and the Gulf Coast, 5 trips for collecting in central Mexico (which appears to share several taxa with the Smokies), and one collecting trip in the Cordillera Talamanca (Costa Rica) as well as review of large numbers of collections by others ranging southward to the Quercus forests of Andean Colombia, I believe it is reasonable to assume that future lists will include as many as 200 confirmed taxa of the Amanitaceae in the Park.

RET's 2004 and 2006 collecting in the Park were largely supported by the Biology Department of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, based on a National Science Foundation grant.  I express my gratitude to Drs. Karen Hughes and Ronald H. Petersen for their support and for their inclusion of me in the process. Molecular data utilized in preparing the versions of this document since August, 2015 was predominantly provided by the labs of Drs. Karen Hughes see above) and Linas V. Kudzma (Annandale, New Jersey).
Thanks to all the ATBI and mycoblitz participants.  May you always have good hunting!
[ Introduction ]  [ Interpreting this checklist ]
[ Amanita section Amanita ]  [ Amanita section Caesareae ]  [ Amanita section Vaginatae ]
[ Amanita section Amidella ]  [ Amanita section Lepidella ]
[ Amanita section Phalloideae ]  [ Amanita section Validae ]
[ Limacella ]  [ Literature Cited ]


Interpreting this checklist

Herbarium codes not in Index Herbariorum:
Other symbols and codes:
Vouchers: In the following lists of species, each element known from the park is followed by a list of the sites in GSMNP from which that element is known.  Lists of herbaria in which vouchers from a given site have been reviewed or are known to exist are provided in square brackets.  Each herbarium abbreviation is followed by one or more  references in parentheses. (See the "Literature Cited" section at end of this list.)  When collecting numbers are known, they are provided after the square brackets.  When definitive determinations of such collections are available, an ATBI collection number or other collection number will be added to the information for the relevant name in bold face type.  For many of Hesler's collections there are diagnosable photographs in TENN.  Question marks before a locality name indicate uncertainty of diagnosis of the collection, not of the locality.

Spore data has been added for many species.  If the amount of data is very limited for a given species, it is derived from the literature.  The format for RET's spore data is explained in a teaching topic on the upper left of this page.

[ Introduction ]  [ Interpreting this checklist ]
[ Amanita section Amanita ]  [ Amanita section Caesareae ]  [ Amanita section Vaginatae ]
[ Amanita section Amidella ]  [ Amanita section Lepidella ]
[ Amanita section Phalloideae ]  [ Amanita section Validae ]
[ Limacella ]  [ Literature Cited ]


[top]  [skip section]

Amanita section Amanita
[13 known from park of 17+ probable]


  1. Amanita agglutinata (Berk. & E. A. Curtis in Berk.) Lloyd  [ image ]  [ page ]

    Collected within the last few decades in Kentucky (photograph).  Cap probably is significantly paler when expanded (original description says it is white a term used for a wide range of pallid coloration in the 19th C. literature.  TENN records not revised by Jenkins or a later author are probably assignable to one of the taxa of section Amidella.  Spores per type study of JE77: 9 - 12.5 × 5.5 - 8 µm, (Q = 1.40 - 1.90; Q' = 1.62).  Spores from single Kentucky specimen [RET]: [20/1/1] 8.5 - 11 (-14.8) x (5.5-) 6.0 - 7.2 (-7.5) µm, (L = 10.5 µm; L’ = 10.5 µm; W = 6.6 µm; W’ = 6.6 µm; Q = (1.40-) 1.42 - 1.77 (-2.28); Q = 1.59; Q’ = 1.59).


  2. Amanita albocreata - photo from NW New Jersey
    Amanita albocreata G. F. Atk.  [ image ]  [ page ]

    Known in association with Tsuga and Abies as far north as central Québec and the Island of Newfoundland.  The central Appalachians are the southern limit of the known range.  Spores: [121/6/6] (7.3-) 7.7 - 9.5 (-11.6) × 6.6 - 8.4 (-9.4) µm, (L = 8.1 - 9.0 µm; L’ = 8.7 µm; W = 7.1 - 8.1 µm; W’ = 7.6 µm; Q = (1.0-) 1.04 - 1.23 (-1.32); Q = 1.10 - 1.16; Q’ = 1.14).

    Indian Creek [TENN RET(u.d.)] H-24419


  3. Amanita farinosa Schwein.
    Amanita farinosa Schwein.  [ image ]  [ page ]

    Known in association with Quercus from southern Québec to the Cordillera Talamanca of Costa Rica.  Spores: [160/8/8] (6.0-) 6.5 - 8.8 (-10.5) × (5.2-) 5.5 - 7.0 (-9.0) µm, (L = (6.8-) 7.1 - 8.0 µm; L’ = 7.4 µm; W = 5.8 - 6.4 (-6.5) µm; W’ = 6.1 µm; Q = (1.03-) 1.08 - 1.38 (-1.47); Q = 1.15 - 1.27 (-1.31); Q’ = 1.22).

    Alum Cave trailhead [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-13-04-C
    Baskin's Ridge trailhead [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-AC
    Cades Cove [DTJ, TENN (JE77)] H-24526
    Cades Cove, Picnic Area [RET (u.d.), TENN] H-??
    Cataloochee Valley [RET (u.d.)] FU-0334
    Grotto Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-P
    Madrone Bald tr. head [RET (u.d.)] RET 9-30-06-G


  4. Amanita frostiana (Peck) Sacc.
    Amanita frostiana (Peck) Sacc.  [ image ]  [ page ]

    Central Appalachians are the known southern limit of its range.  The northern limit is in Québec.  Spores: [199/10/6] (7.5-) 8.5 - 10.5 (-12.5) × (7.5-) 7.8 - 9.8 (-11.3) µm, (L = (8.5-) 9.0 - 9.6 µm; L’ = 9.2 µm; W = (8.1-) 8.5 - 9.2 µm; W’ = 8.7 µm; Q = 1.0 - 1.12 (-1.17); Q = (1.04-) 1.05 - 1.08; Q’ = 1.06).

    Cades Cove [DTJ, TENN (JE77)] H-21667


  5. Amanita gemmata* sensu Dav. T. Jenkins

    The epithet "gemmata" applies to a Eurasian taxon that is apparently not present in N. America.  Amanita russuloides (Peck) Sacc. & other spp. fall within Jenkins' rather broad concept of A. gemmata.  The latter name has been applied to other taxa in the Americas including A. xylinivolva Tulloss, Overbo & Halling and A. aprica J. Lindgr. & Tulloss, and several still undescribed species.  At present, the appearance of this name in checklists is not useful for such things as biogeographical comparisons.

    Cades Cove [TENN, (JE77)] H-26109, H-28212, H-29719
    ?Cataloochee Valley [RET (u.d.)]
    Parsons Branch [DTJ (JE77)]
    Roaring Fork [DTJ (JE77)]


  6. Amanita monticulosa (Berk. & E. A. Curtis) Sacc. [ page ]

    The cap color of this species is unknown.  No illustration of the species is known.  Jenkins stated that it was distinguished by the pointed warts on the cap and a felted patch of volva at the top of the basal bulb as well as by the size and shape of the spores.  Originally described from South Carolina.  Spores per type study of JE77: 9.8 - 11.2 × 7.0 - 8.0 (-9.0) µm, (Q = 1.19 - 1.50; Q' = 1.35).


  7. Amanita multisquamosa Peck
    Amanita multisquamosa Peck  [ image ]  [ page ]
    [=A. cothurnata G. F. Atk.]
    [=A. pantherina var. multisquamosa (Peck) Dav. T. Jenkins]

    Range data for this species is not well established.  It certainly exists as far north as southern Canada.  Spores: [72/4/4] (6.6-) 7.0 - 11.2 (-15.0) × (5.2-) 5.6 - 8.4 (-8.7) µm, (L = 7.8 - 9.8 µm; L’ = 8.8 µm; W = 6.3 - 7.1 µm; W’ = 6.7 µm; Q = (1.05-) 1.12 - 1.50 (-1.58); Q = 1.22 - 1.39; Q’ = 1.31).

    Cades Cove [DTJ, TENN (JE77)] H-18566, H-25623
    rd. btwn. Cherokee Orchard & Grotto Falls trailhead [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-N
    Elkmont [TENN (JE77)] H-10405, H-24600
    Noland Crk. Tr. [TENN/RET (u.d.)] RET 7-11-04-A
    Roaring Fork [DTJ (JE77)]


  8. Amanita muscaria var. guessowii
    Amanita muscaria var. guessowii Veselý  [image]  [page]
    [=Amanita muscaria var. formosa sensu Dav. T. Jenkins]

    Range for this color variant of the provisionally named Amanita amerimuscaria extends at least to central Quebec and the Island of Newfoundland.  The author is uncertain of its southern limit.  One of the causes of uncertainty is that the purple pigment in "red fly agarics" is rather quickly destroyed in sunlight.  Hence, "yellow" or "orange" taxa are reported from regions in which var. guessowii does not exist.  Spores: [120/6/6] (7.0-) 8.7 - 12.2 (-14.8) × (5.9-) 6.5 - 8.2 (-9.5) µm, (L = 9.2 - 11.4 µm; L’ = 10.5 µm; W = 7.1 - 7.8 µm; W’ = 7.5 µm; Q = (1.09-) 1.27 - 1.56 (-1.70); Q = 1.30 - 1.49; Q’ = 1.42).

    Cataloochee Valley [RET (u.d.)] FU-0002, FU-0110, FU-0338


  9. Amanita parcivolvata (Peck) E.- J. Gilbert  [ image ]  [page]

    This species is exannulate from the outset.  From the top, this species (especially when lacking volval warts) can suggest A. jacksonii of Amanita sect. Caesareae.  The range of this species extends from New Jersey to the Gulf Coast.  Spores: [87/5/4] (8.4-) 9.1 - 11.5 (-12.6) × (5.6-) 6.3 - 7.9 (-8.0) µm, (L = 9.9 - 10.9 µm; L’ = 10.4 µm; W = 6.7 - 7.3 µm; W’ = 7.0 µm; Q = (1.26-) 1.31 - 1.64 (-1.67); Q = 1.38 - 1.55; Q’ = 1.48).

    Cades Cove [TENN (JE77)] H-23050


  10. persicina (Dav. T. Jenkins) Tulloss & Geml  [ image ]  [ page]

    This taxon is distinguishable by the limited about of volval remnants on the stipe base, the median annulus, the stipe pigmentation (yellow above, white below), and somewhat narrower spores than in var. guessowii.  It is generally considered a taxon of the SE USA, but has recently been found as far north as Long Island, New York, and Sussex Co., New Jersey.  A recent collection was displayed at the 2006 NAMA Regional Foray at Wildacres, North Carolina.  Spores: [202/10/7] (8.0-) 9.2 - 12.0 (-15.8) × (5.5-) 6.4 - 8.3 (-11.1) µm, (L = 9.8 - 11.1 (-11.4) µm; L’ = 10.6 µm; W = 6.8 - 7.6 (-7.8) µm; W’ = 7.3 µm; Q = (1.19-) 1.33 - 1.61 (-1.75); Q = 1.43 - 1.50 (-1.52); Q’ = 1.46).

    Cades Cove [DTJ (JE77)] !!TYPE LOCALITY!!


  11. Amanita praecox Lamoureux nom. prov.*  [ image ]  [ page ]
    [=Amanita sp-32 Tulloss cryptonom. temp.]

    This is a new species, also known from habitat similar to that in which it is found in GSMNP (mixed forest including Tsuga) as far north as the Province of Québec.  Prior to the publication of Lamoureux's provisional name, RET called the species "Amanita sp. 32."  On the Island of Newfoundland, the species occurs with conifers other than Tsuga.  The name "A. gemmata" has undoubtedly been applied to this taxon.  At present, the central Appalachians is the known southern limit of this taxon's range.  Spores: [286/14/13] (6.3-) 7.3 - 9.8 (-12.6) × (5.6-) 7.0 - 9.1 (-11.9) µm, (L = (7.6-) 7.9 - 9.3 µm; L’ = 8.6 µm; W = (7.1-) 7.3 - 8.4 µm; W’ = 7.9 µm; Q = 1.0 - 1.17 (-1.42); Q = 1.05 - 1.10 (-1.11); Q’ = 1.08).

    Cades Cove, Anthony Creek Tr. [TENN (u.d.)] ?? (=TFB 13224)
    Cades Cove, ca. Primitive Baptist Church [TENN (u.d.)] 60935 (=TFB 13108)
    Cataloochee Valley [RET (u.d.)] FU-0109, FU-0237
    Greenbrier, Whaley Cemetery (manway above) [TENN (u.d.)] ?? (=TFB 13219)
    Huskey Gap Tr. [TENN (u.d.)] 60564 (=TFB 12490)
    Sugarlands Visitor Center area [RET (u.d.)] FU-0131

  12. Amanita pubescens sensu Coker (1917) Amanita pubescens sensu Coker (1917)
    Coker included this in A. pubescens sensu Coker. Note nearly solid stipe. Coker included this in A. pubescens sensu Coker, but is it A. recutita sensu Coker?
    Amanita pubescens sensu Coker  [ image]  [page ]

    It has not been established that Coker's taxon is indeed the species described by Schweinitz.  However, it does appears to be a distinctive taxon ranging southward and westward to Texas and Oklahoma.  Coker may have mixed some collections of his pubescens with exannulate collections of A. recutita sensu Coker (lower pair of images; see below).  Notice the somewhat radicating bulb (to which Coker called attention) in the present taxon.  Photographs are by W. C. Coker from (Coker, 1917).  [40/2/1] (9.3-) 9.5 - 11.5 (- 12.0) × (6.5-) 6.8 - 8.0 (-9.3) µm, (L = 10.0 - 10.7 µm; L' = 10.4 µm; W = 7.4 - 7.6 µm; W' = 7.5 µm; Q = (1.28-) 1.31 - 1.50 (-1.53); Q = 1.37 - 1.41; Q' = 1.39).  Note spore similarity to A. recutita sensu Coker.  That species has a hollow stipe and a partial veil and belongs to Amanita sect. Caesareae.


  13. Amanita roseitincta (Murrill) Murrill  [ image ]  [ page ]
    [=A. komarekensis Dav. T. Jenkins & Vinopal]

    Unique in North American amanitas in having an apparently layered volva comprising a layer of pyramidal grayish warts above a layer of pinkish or orangish pulverulence.  The underside of the partial veil is pink or orange-white before fading.  The range of this species extends from New Jersey to central Mexico.  Spores: [336/10/7] (7.6-) 8.5 - 11.8 (-14.4) × (5.1-) 6.0 - 8.2 (-10.0) µm, (L = 9.2 - 10.9 µm; L' = 9.8 µm; W = 6.3 - 7.6 µm; W' = 7.0 µm; Q = (1.09-) 1.20 - 1.69 (-2.08); Q = 1.33 - 1.50; Q' = 1.42).


  14. Amanita subvelatipes Tulloss, Haelewaters, Geml, & K. W. Hughes   [ image ]  [page ]

    u.d.
    Spores:[35/2/2] (7.8-) 8.5 - 10.5 (-11.0) × (4.0-) 6.4 - 8.4 (-8.6) μm, (L = 9.0 - 9.4 μm; L' = 9.2 μm; W = 6.6 - 7.8 μm; W' = 7.2 μm; Q = (1.07-) 1.13 - 1.45 (-1.62); Q = 1.22 - 1.38; Q' = 1.29)

  15. Amanita velatipes G. F. Atk.
    Amanita velatipes G. F. Atk.  [ image ]  [ page ]
    [= Amanita pantherina var. velatipes (G. F. Atk.) Dav. T. Jenkins]

    Considered a species of the NE USA and SE Canada.  Reliable, detailed range data, not known to the author.  Spores: [121/6/6] (6.0-) 8.0 - 10.5 (-11.5) × (4.5-) 5.5 - 7.2 (-7.8) μm, (L = (6.9-) 8.9 - 10.1 μm; L' = 9.2 μm; W = (5.1-) 5.9 - 6.8 μm; W' = 6.4 μm; Q = (1.13-) 1.28 - 1.62 (-1.73); Q = 1.35 - 1.51; Q' = 1.44).

    Cades Cove [TENN (JE77)] H-21464, H-22582
    ?Cataloochee Valley [RET (u.d.)] FU-0553
    Cherokee Orchard [TENN (JE77)] H-12711
    Keener House [TENN or MICH (HN)] A. H. Sm. 9653
    Mt. LeConte [TENN (JE77)] H-26285
    Roaring Fork [DTJ (JE77)]


  16. Amanita wellsii (Murrill) Murrill  [ image ]  [ page ]

    Known from north of the tree line in eastern Canada (apparently with Alnus) and in a variety of heaths with dwarf Betula, dwarf Salix, Empetrum, and/or Vaccinium; elsewhere, associates may include Vaccinium (in cultivated blueberry fields), Betula, Populus, and (?)conifers.  The central Appalachians is the known southern limit of this taxon's range.  Note the degree of fading due to exposure to sunlight in the pilei depicted above.  Spores: [395/19/14] (8.7-) 10.5 - 13.8 (-18.0) × (4.9-) 5.6 - 8.4 (-10.8) µm, (L = (10.6-) 11.5 - 13.0 (-13.2) µm; L’ = 12.0 µm; W = (5.3-) 6.7 - 7.6 (-8.6) µm; W’ = 7.1 µm; Q = (1.39-) 1.50 - 1.94 (-2.62); Q = (1.52-) 1.62 - 1.76 (-1.92); Q’ = 1.69).

    Newfound Gap [TENN (JE77)] H-21487
    Smokemont [TENN (JE77)] H-20522


  17. Amanita sp-34 Tulloss cryptonom. temp.*  [ image]  [ page ]

    A very small species associated with oaks and conifers.  Spores: [60/3/3] (8.2-) 8.5 - 10.4 (-10.8) × (6.3-) 6.5 - 7.5 (-8.6) µm, (L = 9.0 - 9.7 µm; L’ = 9.4 µm; W = 6.9 - 7.0 µm; W’ = 7.0 µm; Q = (1.19-) 1.22 - 1.48 (-1.55); Q = 1.29 - 1.40; Q’ = 1.36).

    rd. btwn. Cherokee Orchard & Grotto Falls [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-O


  18. Amanita sp-S01 Tulloss cryptonom. temp.*  [ image ]  [ page ]

    Originally collected in western South Carolina, this taxon is usually exannulate and may appear to belong in Amanita sect. Vaginatae before its stem's bulb is excavated.  The species shares macroscopic characters with A. russuloides.  In the future they may prove to be a single taxon.  Spores: [100/5/5] (8.4-) 8.7 - 11.2 (-12.2) × (5.9-) 6.2 - 7.3 (-7.7) µm, (L = 9.3 - 10.7 µm; L’ = 9.9 µm; W = 6.5 - 6.8 µm; W’ = 6.7 µm; Q = (1.27-) 1.34 - 1.66 (-2.0); Q = 1.42 - 1.60; Q’ = 1.48).

    Cades Cove, Loop Rd. "stop 1" [RET (u.d.)] RET 9-27-06-C

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Amanita section Caesareae
[4 known from park of 12+ probable]

  1. Hesler photograph of A. arkansana (22051)
    Amanita arkansana Rosen  [ image ]  [ page ]

    A "Slender Caesar group" amanita.  Cap fulvous, striate; stipe white, possibly discoloring to fulvous below, with white annulus, with white saccate volva covering one-third to one-half of stipe.  The species is known from the central Appalachians south to Florida and the Gulf Coast.  Spores: [260/12/7] (7.0-) 7.7 - 11.4 (-15.0) x (5.6-) 6.0 - 8.0 (-10.2) µm, (L = 8.0 - 9.9 (-11.1) µm; L’ = 9.1 µm; W = (6.3-) 6.5 -7.4 µm; W’ = 6.9 µm; Q = (1.10-) 1.18 - 1.53 (-1.69); Q = 1.22 - 1.38 (-1.50); Q’ = 1.31).  Known from Horse Cove, just outside park ca. Highlands, NC: H-22051.


  2. Amanita banningiana Tulloss nom prov.  [ image ]  [ page ]

    A "Slender Caesar group" amanita.  Cap yellow at first, becoming brown-orange to brown from disc outward during expansion, with white volval sac rather small compared to other species of the group.  The annulus is pale yellow and very similar to the color of the stipe and its decorations.  Spores: [274/14/11] (7.5-) 8.4 - 11.9 (-15.0) × (5.2-) 5.9 - 7.8 (-9.8) µm, (L = 8.9 - 10.6 (-11.5) µm; L’ = 10.0 µm; W = 6.3 - 7.0 (-7.3) µm; W’ = 6.7 µm; Q = (1.14-) 1.33 - 1.71 (-2.14); Q = 1.39 - 1.61 (-1.69); Q’ = 1.49).  Known in the central Appalachians from 2006 NAMA Regional Foray, at Wildacres, NC; however, no collection was retained.  The range extends from the northern midwest USA throughout the NE states.  The central Appalachians are as far south as the species is known to occur at present.

  3. Amanita cokeriana Singer  [ page ]

    Pileus whitish, sometimes Tilleul buff or Vinaceous buff over disc.  Stipe annulate with saccate volva.  Syntypes (when they can be located) will be from South Carolina and Florida.  No illustration is known to RET.  Spores: 11 - 14.5 × 5.5 - 7.5 µm, with Q' approx. 1.95.


  4. Amanita jacksonii Pomerl.  [image]  [page ]
    [≡Amanita umbonata Pomerl. non (Sumst.) Sartory & L. Maire; ≡Amanita caesarea var. americana Pomerl.; = Amanita tullossii Guzmán & Ramírez-Guillén]

    This species, another member of the Slender Caesar group, occurs from southern Canada to the cloud forests of the Sierra Madre Orientale in Mexico.  Spores: [317/15/11] (7.0-) 7.8 - 10.0 (-12.1) × (5.2-) 6.0 - 7.5 (-8.7) µm, (L = (8.1-) 8.4 - 9.5 µm; L’ = 8.8 µm; W = (6.0-) 6.3 - 7.3 µm; W’ = 6.7 µm; Q = (1.11-) 1.20 - 1.52 (-1.63); Q = 1.25 - 1.40 (-1.42); Q’ = 1.32).

    [TENN (HPL)]
    Cataloochee Valley, tr. near Fungus-1 transect [RET (u.d.)] FU-0150, FU-0229


  5. Amanita murrilliana Singer  [ image ]  [ page ]
    [≡Venenarius gemmatus var. volvatus Murrill]

    Another member of the Slender Caesars Group, but lacking the bright colors of many other taxa in that group that appear in this list.  The cap of this species is cream to whitish with a brownish center.  Spores: [204/9/7] (8.5-) 9.5 - 12.6 (-13.6) × (5.6-) 6.4 - 8.4 (-9.2) µm, (L = 10.4 - 11.8 µm; L’ = 11.2 µm; W = 6.6 - 7.9 µm; W’ = 7.4 µm; Q = (1.23-) 1.32 - 1.74 (-1.88); Q = 1.43 - 1.58; Q’ = 1.51).

    ?Cherokee Orchard, Rainbow Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-J
    ?Grotto Falls Tr. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-12-04-R

  6. Amanita pachysperma G. F. Atk.
    Amanita pachysperma G. F. Atk.  [image]  [page]

    Species described from Blowing Rock, NC.  Similar entity known from Norris, TN.  Differences  seem to be white pubescence on cap (could have been overlooked in protologue), size (too short), and shape of spores (too broad).  Spores: [204/10/5] (9.5-) 10.5 - 16.2 (-20.0) × (6.0-) 7.5 - 10.5 (-12.5) µm, (L = (11.3-) 11.7 - 14.5 µm; L’ = 13.1 µm; W = (8.1-) 8.6 - 9.7 µm; W’ = 9.0 µm; Q = (1.12-) 1.26 - 1.75 (-2.10); Q = (1.30-) 1.31 - 1.64; Q’ = 1.48).  H-25691 is immature, which might account for observed differences. H-25691, ?H-24432 (n.v.)


  7. Amanita recutita sensu Coker  [image]  [page]

    [TENN (HPL)] Originally described from Photographs by W. C. Coker from Coker (1917).  Described from Chapel Hill material.  Volva reportedly rather soft and thick, breaking off at about the surface of the substrate.  Pileus said to be tan with sordid-rose tints with rather short marginal striations.  The small ring on the stipe is fragile and is lost in some recently collected material thought to belong to the present taxon.  One of the most narrow-spored North American taxa in sect. Caesareae.  Spores: [77/4/2] (9.0-) 10.0 - 13.5 (-14.5) × (5.6-) 5.8 - 7.2 (-9.5) µm, (L = 10.9 - 12.9 µm; L’ = 11.8 µm; W = 6.1 - 6.8 µm; W’ = 6.5 µm; Q = (1.56-) 1.62 - 2.0 (-2.57); Q = 1.73 - 1.89; Q’ = 1.80).)


  8. Amanita spreta (Peck) Sacc.  [ image ]  [ page ]

    This species is known for its graying annulus, its proportionally small volval sac, and its ellipsoid to elongate spores.  The cap can be quite pale at first and develops pigment in the gray to brown range.  Spores: [134/7/7] (7.7-) 9.4 - 13.1 (-15.5) × (5.2-) 5.9 - 7.8 (-9.0) µm, (L = 9.9 - 12.4 µm; L’ = 11.4 µm; W = 6.2 - 7.3 µm; W’ = 6.9 µm; Q = (1.40-) 1.48 - 1.83 (-2.04); Q = 1.60 - 1.76; Q’ = 1.65).

    Deep Crk. Ranger Stn. [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-19-06-E (=TFB 13297)

  9. Amanita virginiana (Murrill) Murrill
    Amanita virginiana (Murrill) Murrill  [ image ]  [ page ]

    This small, brown, annulate species is so short that it may remain after a lawn in which it grows is mowed.  It is largely associated with mature (even very old) oaks.  Spores: [940/47/18] (9.1-) 11.5 - 15.0 (-20.5) × (6.5-) 8.5 - 11.2 (-15.5) µm, (L = (11.7-) 12.3 - 14.0 (-14.1) µm; L’ = 13.2 µm; W = (9.1-) 9.2 - 10.5 (-10.9) µm; W’ = 9.9 µm; Q = (1.07-) 1.16 - 1.52 (-1.89); Q = (1.16-) 1.21 - 1.42 (-1.55); Q’ = 1.33).

    Alum Cave trailhead [RET (u.d.)] RET 7-13-04-G
    ?Heintooga Rd. & Rough Fork Tr., Polls Gap [RET (u.d.)] FU-0645
    ?Heintooga Rd. & Rough Fork Tr., Polls Gap [RET (u.d.)] FU-0646.

  10. Amanita sp-AR01
    Amanita sp-AR01 Tulloss cryptonom. temp.  [ image ]  [ page ]

    Spores: [60/3/1] (8.0-) 8.6 - 11.0 (-19.2) × (5.7-) 6.0 - 7.4 (-8.0) µm, (L = 9.4 - 9.7 µm; L’ = 9.6 µm; W = 6.5 - 6.7 µm; W’ = 6.6 µm; Q = (1.31-) 1.36 - 1.58 (-2.40); Q = 1.44 - 1.48; Q’ = 1.45).

  11. Amanita sp-Hesler-22051
    Amanita sp-Hesler-22501 Tulloss cryptonom. temp.  [ image ]  [ page ]

    The cap of this species is described as fulvous.  The known specimen was found near Highlands, NC.  Spores: [20/1/1] (9.6-) 9.9 - 14.0 (-14.5) × (6.8-) 6.9 - 8.5 (-8.0) μm, (L = 11.1 μm; W = 7.4 μm; Q = 1.37 - 1.65 (-1.68); Q = 1.50).



  12. Amanita sp-W15 Tulloss and Sanchez-Ramirez cryptonom. temp.  [ image ]
    [ page ]

    One of several taxa distinguished morphologically or genetically with an orange to red-orange cap center and yellowish cap margin.  Spores: data unavailable.

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    Amanita section Vaginatae
    [16 known from park of 23+ probable]

    Amanita albemarlensis  
    Amanita albemarlensis Tulloss & Kudzma nom. prov.  [ image ]  [page ]

    u.d.
    Spores:

  2. Amanita americrocea, Minnesota, U.S.A.  RET 266-2.
    Amanita americrocea Tulloss nom. prov.  [ image ]  [page ]

    Spores: [97/5/4] (7.4-) 8.3 - 12.5 (-20) × (6.8-) 7.2 - 11.5 (-14.5) μm, (L = 8.8 - 9.8 (-11.4) μm; L' = 9.9 μm; W = 7.9 - 9.1 (-10.0) μm; W' = 8.9 μm; Q = (1.02-) 1.03 - 1.22 (-1.36); Q = 1.07 - 1.15; Q' = 1.11).

  3. Amanita batonrougensis  
    Amanita batonrougensis Tulloss, Kudzma & Wiedenf. nom. prov.  [ image ]  [page ]

    u.d.
    Spores: [70/3/2] (8.4-) 8.9 - 10.5 (-11.0) × (5.7-) 6.1 - 8.0 (-8.5) μm, (L = 9.4 - 9.6 μm; L' = 9.5 μm; W = 6.5 - 7.0 μm; W' = 6.8 μm; Q = (1.19-) 1.24 - 1.52 (-1.72); Q = 1.34 - 1.40: Q' = 1.37)

  4. Amanita bensonensis  
    Amanita bensonensis Tulloss & S. D. Russell nom. prov.  [ image ]  [page ]

    u.d.
    Spores:

  5. Amanita blueridgensis  
    Amanita blueridgensis Tulloss & S. D. Russell nom. prov.  [ image ]  [page ]

    u.d.
    Spores:[20/1/1] (8.7-) 9.0 - 11.5 (-12.4) × (6.3-) 6.5 - 9.0 (-9.3) μm, (L = 10.3 μm; W = 7.8 μm; Q = (1.14-) 1.20 - 1.50 (-1.57); Q= 1.33)


  6. Amanita cacaina Tulloss nom. prov.  [ image